What is neonatal varicella?

Neonatal varicella refers specifically to an infection caused by the varicella zoster virus in a newborn, typically occurring shortly after birth. This condition arises when an infant is exposed to the virus, often through maternal transmission. If the mother develops chickenpox during the late stages of pregnancy, particularly within the last few days before delivery, the newborn is at risk for developing neonatal varicella, which can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis.

The nature of this infection emphasizes its acute presentation and its viral origin, distinguishing it clearly from genetic conditions, chronic diseases found in adults, or common skin issues experienced during pregnancy. In particular, the conditions mentioned as potential alternatives do not relate to viral infections or the timing of exposure that characterizes neonatal varicella. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing the implications for newborn health and the importance of maternal varicella vaccination to prevent such infections.