What is caput succedaneum?

Caput succedaneum is characterized as a diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses suture lines. This condition typically occurs during labor, particularly as the fetal head molds to fit through the birth canal, resulting in fluid accumulation in the soft tissues of the scalp. The fluid collection occurs under the periosteum, which allows it to extend across the suture lines, making it distinct from other conditions, such as cephalohematoma, where localized bleeding does not cross suture lines. Given its association with the trauma of delivery, caput succedaneum is generally a benign condition that resolves on its own without medical intervention. Understanding this phenomenon is essential for midwives and healthcare providers as they assess newborns for signs of trauma related to the birth process.